Simulations Plus

Tenofovir alafenamide (TAF) is a BCS Class III compound and an oral pro-drug of Tenofovir (TFV) with limited oral bioavailability.

Carbamazepine (CBZ) is commonly prescribed for epilepsy and frequently used in polypharmacy.

The use of in vitro-in vivo correlation (IVIVC) for extended release oral dosage forms is an important technique that can avoid potential clinical studies.

Paclobutrazol (PBZ) is a plant growth regulator that can delay plant growth and improve plant resistance and yield. Although it has been widely used in the growth of medicinal plants, human beings may take it by taking traditional Chinese medicine.

The United States Food and Drug Administration guidelines for the bioequivalence (BE) testing of the generic drug products suggests that there should be an equal proportion of male and female population in the BE study.

The equivalence of absorption rates and extents between generic drugs and their reference formulations is crucial for ensuring therapeutic comparability.

As a key step in next-generation risk assessment (NGRA), in vitro to in vivo extrapolation (IVIVE) aims to mobilize a mechanism-based understanding of toxicology to translate bioactive chemical concentrations obtained from in vitro assays to corresponding exposures likely to induce bioactivity in vivo.

Physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) modeling is a mechanistic concept, which helps to judge the effects of biopharmceutical properties of drug product such as in vitro dissolution on its pharmacokinetic and in vivo performance.

pH-mediated drug-drug interactions (DDI) is a prevalent DDI in drug development, especially for weak base compounds with highly pH-dependent solubility.

Tolterodine tartrate (TOTA) is associated with adverse effect, high hepatic access, varied bioavailability, slight aqueous solubility, and short half-life after oral delivery.

The human population will be approximately 9.7 billion by 2050, and food security has been identified as one of the key issues facing the global population.

Upadacitinib, classified as a highly soluble drug, is commercially marketed as RINVOQ®, a modified-release formulation incorporating hydroxypropyl methylcellulose as a matrix system to target extended release throughout the gastrointestinal (GI) tract.

Botanicals contain complex mixtures of chemicals most of which lack pharmacokinetic data in humans.

This work shows the utilization of a physiologically based biopharmaceutics model (PBBM) to mechanistically explain the impact of diverse food types on the pharmacokinetics (PK) of isoniazid (INH) and acetyl-isoniazid (Ac-INH).

Long-acting injectable (LAI) formulations provide sustained drug release over an extended period ranging from weeks to several months to improve efficacy, safety, and compliance.

Physiologically based biopharmaceutics modeling (PBBM) is used to elevate drug product quality by providing a more accurate and holistic understanding of how drugs interact with the human body.

Ochratoxin A (OTA) is a common fungal toxin frequently detected in food and human plasma samples.

Aliarcobacter butzleri is a Gram-negative, curved or spiral-shaped, microaerophilic bacterium and causes human infections, specifically diarrhea, fever, and sepsis.

Oral delivery is considered the most patient preferred route of drug administration, however, the drug must be sufficiently soluble and permeable to successfully formulate an oral formulation.

Heritage agrochemicals like myclobutanil, oxyfluorfen, and pronamide, are extensively used in agriculture, with well-established studies on their animal toxicity.