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    ADMET Predictor™

    ADMET property prediction and
    QSAR model-building application

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    HTPK Simulation

    What is the HTPK Simulation Module?

    The HTPK (High-throughput pharmacokinetic) Simulation Module integrates the industry’s #1-ranked mechanistic absorption/PBPK models with #1-ranked ADME property predictions to predict the following in vivo properties in rats or humans:

    • Fraction absorbed (Fa%)
    • Oral bioavailability (F%)
    • Volume of distribution (Vd)
    • Dose (D) needed to reach a user-specified plasma concentration (Ceff)

    The algorithm uses our Advanced Compartmental Absorption and Transit (ACAT™) model to simulate dissolution, transit, and absorption in the GI tract.

    Prediction of oral bioavailability requires intrinsic clearance in the liver.  This value can be obtained using our predicted rat or human liver microsomal clearance (CYP_RLM_CLint or CYP_HLM_CLint) models or clearances from in vitro experiments, e.g., liver microsomes or hepatocytes.  Estimation of the dose required to reach Ceff requires systemic clearance that can be predicted from our estimates of liver and kidney clearance or from a user input systemic clearance.  The module can be run at the command line in order to incorporate it into KNIME or PipelinePilot™.

    NEW! Cmax, Tmax, and AUC columns are returned when one predicts %Fa and/or %Fb

    NEW! Display of CPU time at different concentrations

    NEW! Parameter sensitivity analysis %Fa and %Fb vs. solubility and permeability can be created

     

    Below are more details on the output properties of the module.

    Resources

    • Beyond IC50 and simple PK models – Considerations for discovery chemists

      Robert Fraczkiewicz, Michael B. Bolger, Walter S. Woltosz

      What are the so-called “nonlinearities” in pharmacokinetics (PK) for multiple dosage of oral drugs? What are their causes and implications? While developing the Simulation Module [1] – an in silico tool for conducting PK simulations based on the Advanced Compartmental Absorption and Transit (ACAT™) model [2] – we have discovered a handful of interesting cases of nonlinear PK behavior.

      Learn More

    Fraction Absorbed Simulations

    The percent of an orally dosed drug that is absorbed into the gut lumen is a limiting factor in the overall exposure of the compound since the oral bioavailability can never be higher than the fraction absorbed (Fa% or %Fa).  The default setup estimates Fa% for four oral doses (1, 10, 100, and 1000 mg).  Users can specify their own dose values or a column in the spreadsheet that contains different doses for each compound.  Users can also specify rat physiology in order to predict Fa% for this important preclinical species.

    The table on the left shows results for ten drugs.  Half of the drugs have high fraction absorbed (>99%).  Atenolol and losartan have lower Fa% values.  These two compounds have the lowest predicted human jejunal permeability aside from digoxin L.  The fraction absorbed values for digoxin L, cimetidine, and carbamazepine decrease with increasing dose.  These compounds have lower predicted solubility at pH 7.4 than the other compounds in the data set.

    Prediction of Oral Bioavailability

    The ability to predict oral bioavailability (F% or %F) was added in ADMET Predictor version 8.5.  Observed versus predicted oral bioavailability for a set of 62 compounds is shown on the left.  Seventy-three percent (73%) or 45 of the molecules have predicted F% within two-fold of the observed values.  Sixty-five percent (40 molecules) are within 1.5-fold of the observed value.

    Simulated Optimal Oral Dose

    Oral dose levels, in mg, necessary to reach the desired total plasma concentration (Ceff) of drug candidates at steady state can be assessed using the new Simulation Module in ADMET Predictor 8.5. The steady state is determined by the model is a state where administration of additional dose does not lead to further increase in “peak and trough” plasma concentrations.  Systemic clearance can be estimated by liver and kidney clearance using our models (hum_fup%, RBP, CYP_HLM_CLint, rat_fup%, RBP_rat, CYP_RLM_CLint) or a user supplied systemic clearance.

    For example, drug discovery scientists can estimate the dose required to achieve a plasma concentration that is greater than the IC50 of the compound which is required in order for the compound to be efficacious in vivo.  Similarly, toxicologists can predict if a compound has sufficient plasma concentration necessary to produce a toxic effect in rats or humans.